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Posachedwapa, bungwe la National Health Commission lidachita msonkhano wa atolankhani wokhudzana ndi kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda opuma m'nyengo yozizira, kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda opumira komanso njira zodzitetezera m'nyengo yozizira ku China, ndikuyankha mafunso kuchokera kwa atolankhani. Pamsonkhanowo, akatswiri adanena kuti pakali pano, China yalowa mu nyengo ya matenda opuma, ndipo matenda osiyanasiyana opuma amalumikizana komanso amapangidwa pamwamba, zomwe zikuwopseza thanzi la anthu. Matenda opuma amatanthauza kutupa kwa mucous nembanemba ya kupuma thirakiti chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena zinthu zina, makamaka kuphatikizapo chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti matenda, chibayo, bronchitis, mphumu ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa National Health and Health Commission, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a kupuma ku China timakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chimfine, kuphatikizapo kufalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'magulu osiyanasiyana azaka, mwachitsanzo, palinso ma rhinoviruses omwe amachititsa chimfine. mwa ana a zaka 1-4; mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 5-14, matenda a Mycoplasma ndi adenoviruses omwe amachititsa chimfine ali ndi zaka 5-14, matenda a Mycoplasma ndi adenoviruses omwe amachititsa chimfine chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha anthu; muzaka za 15-59, ma rhinoviruses ndi neocoronaviruses amatha kuwoneka; ndipo m'gulu lazaka 60+, pali kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa parapneumovirus yamunthu ndi coronavirus wamba.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali pakati pa mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi; ilibe khoma la cell koma ili ndi nembanemba ya cell, ndipo imatha kuberekana yokha kapena kuukira ndi kusokoneza mkati mwa ma cell omwe amalandila. Genome ya Mycoplasma pneumoniae ndi yaing'ono, yokhala ndi majini pafupifupi 1,000 okha. Mycoplasma pneumoniae ndi yosinthika kwambiri ndipo imatha kutengera madera osiyanasiyana ndi makamu kudzera pakuphatikizanso ma genetic kapena kusintha. Mycoplasma pneumoniae imayendetsedwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki a macrolide, monga azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, etc. Kwa odwala omwe samva mankhwalawa, tetracyclines kapena quinolones atsopano angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mavairasi a chimfine ndi ma virus a RNA abwino-strand, omwe amabwera m'mitundu itatu, mtundu A, mtundu wa B ndi mtundu wa C. Mavairasi a fuluwenza A ali ndi digiri yapamwamba yosinthika ndipo amatha kuyambitsa miliri ya chimfine. The matupi athu a chimfine HIV tichipeza zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu, aliyense encodes mmodzi kapena angapo mapuloteni. Mavairasi a chimfine amasintha m'njira ziwiri zazikulu, imodzi ndi antigenic drift, pamene kusintha kumachitika mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa antigenic mu hemagglutinin (HA) ndi neuraminidase (NA) pamwamba pa kachilomboka; wina ndi antigenic rearrangement, imene munthawi yomweyo matenda osiyana subtypes a fuluwenza mavairasi yemweyo khamu selo kumabweretsa recombination wa tizilombo jini zigawo, chifukwa mu mapangidwe subtypes latsopano. Mavairasi a chimfine amayendetsedwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito neuraminidase inhibitors, monga oseltamivir ndi zanamivir, ndipo mwa odwala kwambiri, zizindikiro zothandizira zizindikiro ndi chithandizo chazovuta zimafunikanso.
Neocoronavirus ndi kachirombo ka RNA komwe kamakhala kolowera m'banja la Coronaviridae, komwe kuli ndi mabanja anayi, omwe ndi α, β, γ, ndi δ. Mabanja ang'onoang'ono α ndi β makamaka amatenga nyama zoyamwitsa, pomwe mabanja ang'onoang'ono γ ndi δ makamaka amatenga mbalame. The genome of neocoronavirus imakhala ndi chimango chowerengera chotseguka chokhala ndi mapuloteni 16 osakhazikika komanso anayi, omwe ndi mapuloteni a membrane (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) ndi mapuloteni a enzyme (E). Kusintha kwa Neocoronaviruses kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zolakwika pakubwereza kwa ma virus kapena kuyika kwa majini akunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa ma jini a virus, omwe amakhudza kufalikira kwa ma virus, pathogenicity komanso chitetezo chamthupi. Neocoronaviruses amayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga ridecivir ndi lopinavir/ritonavir, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, chithandizo chazizindikiro ndi chithandizo chazovuta zimafunikiranso.
Njira zazikulu zopewera matenda a kupuma ndi izi:
Katemera. Katemera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera matenda opatsirana ndipo amatha kulimbikitsa thupi kupanga chitetezo chokwanira ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakali pano, China ali zosiyanasiyana katemera matenda kupuma, monga fuluwenza katemera, latsopano korona katemera, pneumococcal katemera, pertussis katemera, etc. Ndi bwino kuti anthu oyenerera kulandira katemera m'nthawi yake, makamaka okalamba, odwala ndi zapansi matenda, ana ndi anthu ena ofunikira.
Khalani ndi zizolowezi zabwino zaukhondo. Matenda opuma amafalitsidwa makamaka ndi madontho ndi kukhudzana, choncho ndikofunika kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwa kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse, kuphimba pakamwa panu ndi mphuno ndi minofu kapena chigongono pamene mukutsokomola kapena kufinya, osalavulira, komanso osagawana ziwiya.
Pewani malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso opanda mpweya wabwino. Malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso opanda mpweya wabwino ndi malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda opuma ndipo amatha kutenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuyendera malowa, ndipo ngati mukuyenera kupita, valani chigoba ndikusunga malo ochezera kuti mupewe kuyanjana ndi ena.
Limbikitsani kukana kwa thupi. Kukana kwa thupi ndiye njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. M’pofunika kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda mwa kudya moyenera, kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, kugona mokwanira, ndi kukhala ndi maganizo abwino.
Samalani kutentha. Kutentha kwachisanu kumakhala kotsika, ndipo kusonkhezera kuzizira kungayambitse kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi cha mucosa yopuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, tcherani khutu kutentha, kuvala zovala zoyenera, kupewa kuzizira ndi chimfine, kusintha kwa nthawi yake kutentha kwa m'nyumba ndi chinyezi, komanso kusunga mpweya wabwino wa m'nyumba.
Pitani kuchipatala munthawi yake. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda opuma monga malungo, chifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi ndi kupuma movutikira zimachitika, muyenera kupita ku chipatala nthawi zonse, fufuzani ndi kuchiza matendawa motsatira malangizo a dokotala, ndipo musamwe mankhwala nokha kapena kuchedwa kupita kuchipatala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala wanu za mbiri yanu ya epidemiological ndi kuwonetseredwa, ndi kugwirizana naye pakufufuza za miliri ndi machitidwe a epidemiological kuteteza kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Njira zazikulu zopewera matenda a kupuma ndi izi:
Katemera. Katemera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera matenda opatsirana ndipo amatha kulimbikitsa thupi kupanga chitetezo chokwanira ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakali pano, China ali zosiyanasiyana katemera matenda kupuma, monga fuluwenza katemera, latsopano korona katemera, pneumococcal katemera, pertussis katemera, etc. Ndi bwino kuti anthu oyenerera kulandira katemera m'nthawi yake, makamaka okalamba, odwala ndi zapansi matenda, ana ndi anthu ena ofunikira.
Khalani ndi zizolowezi zabwino zaukhondo. Matenda opuma amafalitsidwa makamaka ndi madontho ndi kukhudzana, choncho ndikofunika kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwa kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse, kuphimba pakamwa panu ndi mphuno ndi minofu kapena chigongono pamene mukutsokomola kapena kufinya, osalavulira, komanso osagawana ziwiya.
Pewani malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso opanda mpweya wabwino. Malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso opanda mpweya wabwino ndi malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda opuma ndipo amatha kutenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuyendera malowa, ndipo ngati mukuyenera kupita, valani chigoba ndikusunga malo ochezera kuti mupewe kuyanjana ndi ena.
Limbikitsani kukana kwa thupi. Kukana kwa thupi ndiye njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. M’pofunika kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda mwa kudya moyenera, kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, kugona mokwanira, ndi kukhala ndi maganizo abwino.
Samalani kutentha. Kutentha kwachisanu kumakhala kotsika, ndipo kusonkhezera kuzizira kungayambitse kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi cha mucosa yopuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, tcherani khutu kutentha, kuvala zovala zoyenera, kupewa kuzizira ndi chimfine, kusintha kwa nthawi yake kutentha kwa m'nyumba ndi chinyezi, komanso kusunga mpweya wabwino wa m'nyumba.
Pitani kuchipatala munthawi yake. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda opuma monga malungo, chifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi ndi kupuma movutikira zimachitika, muyenera kupita ku chipatala nthawi zonse, fufuzani ndi kuchiza matendawa motsatira malangizo a dokotala, ndipo musamwe mankhwala nokha kapena kuchedwa kupita kuchipatala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala wanu za mbiri yanu ya epidemiological ndi kuwonetseredwa, ndi kugwirizana naye pakufufuza za miliri ndi machitidwe a epidemiological kuteteza kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-15-2023
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