Nkhani Za Zanyama: Kupita Patsogolo pa Kafukufuku wa Fuluwenza ya Avian

Nkhani 01

Kupezeka koyamba kwa kachilombo ka H4N6 ka chimfine cha mbalame mwa abakha a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ku Israel

Avishai Lublin，Nikki Thie，Irina Shkoda，Luba Simanov，Gila Kahila Bar-Gal,Yigal Farnoushi，Roni King,Wayne M Getz,Pauline L Kamath,Rauri CK Bowie，Ran Nathan

PMID: 35687561;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14610

Kachilombo ka chimfine cha mbalame (AIV) kakuwopseza kwambiri thanzi la nyama ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene mbalame zakuthengo zimafalitsa AIV padziko lonse lapansi, kufufuza kufalikira kwa AIV m'magulu a nyama zakuthengo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti timvetsetse kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikulosera kufalikira kwa matenda mwa ziweto ndi anthu. Mu kafukufukuyu, mtundu wa H4N6 AIV unapezeka koyamba kuchokera ku zitsanzo za ndowe za abakha obiriwira akuthengo (Anas platyrhynchos) ku Israeli. Zotsatira za phylogenetic za majini a HA ndi NA zikusonyeza kuti mtundu uwu umagwirizana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya ku Europe ndi Asia. Popeza Israeli ili m'mbali mwa njira yosamukasamuka ya Middle Arctic-Africa, akuganiza kuti mtunduwu mwina unayambitsidwa ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka. Kusanthula kwa phylogenetic kwa majini amkati a isolate (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M ndi NS) kunavumbula kuchuluka kwa phylogenetic yogwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya AIV, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti chochitika cham'mbuyomu chobwerezabwereza chinachitika mu isolate iyi. Mtundu uwu wa H4N6 wa AIV uli ndi kuchuluka kwa recombination, ukhoza kufalitsa matenda a nkhumba zathanzi ndi kumangirira ma receptor a anthu, ndipo ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda a zoonotic mtsogolo.

Nkhani 02

Chidule cha chimfine cha mbalame ku EU, Marichi-Juni 2022

Bungwe la European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza

PMID：35949938；PMCID：PMC9356771；DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

Mu 2021-2022, chimfine cha mbalame chomwe chimapha kwambiri (HPAI) chinali mliri woopsa kwambiri ku Europe, pomwe kufalikira kwa mbalame 2,398 m'maiko 36 aku Europe kunapangitsa kuti mbalame 46 miliyoni ziphedwe. Pakati pa 16 Marichi ndi 10 Juni 2022, mayiko 28 a EU/EEA ndi mitundu 1182 ya kachilombo ka chimfine cha mbalame (HPAIV) ku UK adapezeka kuchokera ku nkhuku (milandu 750), nyama zakuthengo (milandu 410) ndi mbalame zogwidwa (milandu 22). Munthawi yomwe ikuwunikidwayi, 86% ya kufalikira kwa nkhuku kudachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa HPAIV, pomwe France idatenga 68% ya kufalikira konse kwa nkhuku, Hungary idatenga 24% ndipo mayiko ena omwe adakhudzidwa ndi osakwana 2% iliyonse. Germany inali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kufalikira kwa mbalame zakuthengo (milandu 158), kutsatiridwa ndi Netherlands (milandu 98) ndi UK (milandu 48).

Zotsatira za kusanthula kwa majini zikusonyeza kuti HPAIV yomwe ikupezeka ku Europe makamaka ndi ya spectrum 2.3.4 b. Kuyambira lipoti lomaliza, matenda anayi a H5N6, awiri a H9N2 ndi awiri a H3N8 anenedwa ku China ndipo kachilombo kamodzi ka H5N1 kanenedwa ku USA. Chiwopsezo cha matendawa chinayesedwa kuti ndi chotsika kwa anthu onse komanso chotsika mpaka chapakati kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la ntchito ku EU/EEA.

 Nkhani 03

Kusintha kwa majini a HA pa ma residues 127, 183 ndi 212

Kukana kwa kachilombo ka H9N2 avian flu, kufalikira kwake komanso matenda ake

Mengulu Fan，Bing Liang，Yongzhen Zhao，Yaping Zhang，Qingzheng Liu，Miao Tian，Yiqing Zheng，Huizhi Xia，Yasuo Suzuki，Hualan Chen，Jihui Ping

PMID: 34724348;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14363;

Mtundu wa H9N2 wa kachilombo ka chimfine cha mbalame (AIV) ndi umodzi mwa mitundu ikuluikulu yomwe imakhudza thanzi la makampani a nkhuku. Mu kafukufukuyu, mitundu iwiri ya mtundu wa H9N2 AIV yokhala ndi majini ofanana koma antigenicity yosiyana, yotchedwa A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) ndi A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), idapezeka kuchokera ku famu ya nkhuku. Kusanthula kwa sequence kunawonetsa kuti JS/75 ndi JS/76 zimasiyana m'ma residues atatu a amino acid (127, 183 ndi 212) a haemagglutinin (HA). Kuti afufuze kusiyana kwa zinthu zachilengedwe pakati pa JS/75 ndi JS/76, ma virus asanu ndi limodzi opangidwanso adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira majini ndi A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) ngati unyolo waukulu. Deta yochokera ku mayeso a kuukira kwa nkhuku ndi mayeso a HI inasonyeza kuti r-76/PR8 inasonyeza kuthawa kwakukulu kwa antigen chifukwa cha kusintha kwa amino acid pamalo 127 ndi 183 mu jini ya HA. ​​Kafukufuku wina anatsimikizira kuti glycosylation pamalo a 127N inachitika mu JS/76 ndi ma mutants ake. Mayeso omangira ma receptor anasonyeza kuti ma virus onse obwerezabwereza, kupatula mutant ya 127N glycosylation-deficient, amamangirira mosavuta ku ma receptor a humanoid. Kukula kwa kinetics ndi ma assay a mbewa kunasonyeza kuti kachilombo ka 127N-glycosylated kanachulukana pang'ono m'maselo a A549 ndipo kanali kochepa kwambiri m'makoswe poyerekeza ndi kachilombo ka wild-type. Chifukwa chake, glycosylation ndi kusintha kwa amino acid mu jini ya HA ndizo zimayambitsa kusiyana kwa antigenity ndi pathogenicity ya mitundu iwiri ya H9N2.

Chitsime: China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center