Nkhani Zanyama Zanyama: Kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku wa chimfine cha Avian

Nkhani 01

Kuzindikira koyamba kwa mtundu wa H4N6 wa kachilombo ka chimfine cha avian mu abakha a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ku Israel

Avishai Lublin，Nikki Thie，Irina Shkoda，Luba Simanov，Gila Kahila Bar-Gal,Yigal Farnoushi，Roni King,Wayne M Getz,Pauline L Kamath,Rauri CK Bowie，Ran Nathan

PMID: 35687561;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14610

Avian influenza virus (AIV) ndiwowopsa kwambiri ku thanzi la nyama ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene mbalame zakutchire zimafalitsa AIV padziko lonse lapansi, kufufuza kuchuluka kwa AIV m'madera akutchire n'kofunika kwambiri kuti timvetsetse kufala kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikulosera za kuphulika kwa matenda pa ziweto ndi anthu. Mu kafukufukuyu, H4N6 subtype AIV idapatulidwa koyamba ku ndowe za abakha obiriwira akuthengo (Anas platyrhynchos) ku Israel. Zotsatira za phylogenetic za majini a HA ndi NA zimasonyeza kuti vutoli likugwirizana kwambiri ndi ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia. Popeza kuti dziko la Israel lili m’mphepete mwa msewu wa ku Middle Arctic kupita ku Africa, zikuoneka kuti vutoli mwina linayambika ndi mbalame zosamuka. Kusanthula kwa phylogenetic kwa majini amkati a isolate (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M ndi NS) adawulula kuchuluka kwa phylogenetic kukhudzana ndi ma subtypes ena a AIV, kutanthauza kuti chochitika cham'mbuyo chobwezeretsanso chidachitika pachokhacho. H4N6 subtype iyi ya AIV ili ndi kuchuluka kwa recombination, imatha kupatsira nkhumba zathanzi ndikumanga zolandilira anthu, ndipo ingayambitse matenda a zoonotic m'tsogolomu.

Nkhani 02

Ndemanga ya chimfine cha avian ku EU, Marichi-June 2022

European Food Safety Authority, European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza

PMID: 35949938;PMCID:PMC9356771;DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415;

Mu 2021-2022, fuluwenza kwambiri ya avian influenza (HPAI) inali mliri wowopsa kwambiri ku Europe, pomwe miliri ya mbalame 2,398 m'maiko 36 aku Europe zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbalame 46 miliyoni ziphedwe. pakati pa 16 March ndi 10 June 2022, okwana 28 EU / EEA mayiko ndi UK 1 182 tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda avian fuluwenza (HPAIV) anali olekanitsidwa nkhuku (750 milandu), nyama zakutchire (410 milandu) ndi akapolo mbalame (22 milandu). Munthawi yomwe ikukambidwa, 86% ya miliri ya nkhuku idayamba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa HPAIV, pomwe France idawerengera 68% ya miliri yonse ya nkhuku, Hungary 24% ndi maiko ena okhudzidwa ndi osakwana 2% iliyonse. Germany inali ndi ziwopsezo zambiri za mbalame zakuthengo (milandu 158), kutsatiridwa ndi Netherlands (milandu 98) ndi UK (milandu 48).

Zotsatira za kusanthula kwa majini zikusonyeza kuti HPAIV yomwe ikupezeka pano ku Europe makamaka ndi ya sipekitiramu 2.3.4 b. Chiyambireni lipoti lomaliza, ma H5N6 anayi, H9N2 awiri ndi H3N8 matenda a anthu adanenedwa ku China ndipo matenda amodzi amtundu wa H5N1 adanenedwa ku USA. Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chinali chochepa kwa anthu wamba komanso otsika mpaka otsika kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha ntchito mu EU/EEA.

 Nkhani 03

Kusintha kwa zotsalira 127, 183 ndi 212 pa HA gene zimakhudza

Antigenicity, replication and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus

Mmodzi Fan,Bing Liang,Yongzhen Zhao,Yaping Zhang,Qingzheng Liu,Miao Tian,Yiqing Zheng,Huizhi Xia,Yasuo Suzuki,Hualan Chen,Jihui Ping

PMID: 34724348;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14363;

H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) ndi imodzi mwamagulu akuluakulu omwe amakhudza thanzi la nkhuku. Mu phunziroli, mitundu iwiri ya H9N2 subtype AIV yokhala ndi chibadwa chofanana koma antigenicity yosiyana, yotchedwa A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) ndi A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), inali kutali ndi famu ya nkhuku. Kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kunawonetsa kuti JS/75 ndi JS/76 amasiyana muzotsalira za amino acid (127, 183 ndi 212) za hemagglutinin (HA). Kuti muwone kusiyana kwa zinthu zamoyo pakati pa JS/75 ndi JS/76, mavairasi asanu ndi limodzi ophatikizananso adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira ma genetic ndi A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) monga unyolo waukulu. Deta kuchokera ku mayesero a nkhuku ndi mayesero a HI adawonetsa kuti r-76 / PR8 inawonetsa kuthawa kwa antigenic chifukwa cha kusintha kwa amino acid pa malo 127 ndi 183 mu jini ya HA. Kafukufuku wina adatsimikizira kuti glycosylation pa malo a 127N inachitika mu JS / 76 ndi zosinthika zake. Zoyesa zomangira zolandirira zidawonetsa kuti ma virus onse ophatikizananso, kupatula 127N glycosylation-deficient mutant, amamangidwa mosavuta ku zolandilira za humanoid. Kukula kwa kinetics ndi kuukira kwa mbewa kunawonetsa kuti kachilombo ka 127N-glycosylated kamasinthidwa pang'ono m'maselo a A549 ndipo anali ochepa kwambiri pa mbewa poyerekeza ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa glycosylation ndi amino acid mu HA gene kumayambitsa kusiyana kwa antigenicity ndi pathogenicity ya 2 H9N2 mitundu.

Gwero: China Animal Health ndi Epidemiology Center