Anthu Khumi Otchuka Kwambiri mu Sayansi mu Chilengedwe:

Yunlong Cao wa ku Peking University wasankhidwa kuti achite kafukufuku watsopano wa coronavirus

Pa 15 Disembala 2022, Nature idalengeza za Nature's 10, mndandanda wa anthu khumi omwe akhala mbali ya zochitika zazikulu zasayansi za chaka chino, ndipo nkhani zawo zimapereka malingaliro apadera pa zochitika zina zofunika kwambiri zasayansi za chaka chino.

Mu chaka cha mavuto ndi zinthu zosangalatsa zomwe zapezeka, Chilengedwe chinasankha anthu khumi kuchokera kwa akatswiri a zakuthambo omwe atithandiza kumvetsetsa za kukhalapo kwa chilengedwe chonse kutali kwambiri, mpaka ofufuza omwe akhala othandiza kwambiri pa mliri wa New Crown ndi monkeypox, mpaka madokotala ochita opaleshoni omwe aswa malire a kuikidwa ziwalo, akutero Rich Monastersky, mkonzi wamkulu wa Nature Features.

Yunlong Cao ndi wochokera ku Biomedical Frontier Innovation Center (BIOPIC) ku Peking University. Dr. Cao adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Zhejiang University ndi digiri ya Bachelor mu Physics ndipo adalandira PhD yake ku Harvard University's Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology pansi pa Xiaoliang Xie, ndipo pakadali pano ndi Research Associate ku Biomedical Frontier Innovation Center ku Peking University. Yunlong Cao wakhala akuyang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa ukadaulo wotsatira maselo amodzi, ndipo kafukufuku wake wathandiza kutsatira kusintha kwa ma coronavirus atsopano ndikuneneratu zina mwa kusintha komwe kumabweretsa kupanga mitundu yatsopano yosinthika.

Pa 18 Meyi 2020, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao ndi ena adasindikiza pepala mu magazini ya Cell lotchedwa: “Ma antibodies amphamvu oletsa SARS-CoV-2 omwe adadziwika ndi kutsata kwa maselo a B a odwala omwe akuchira” Pepala lofufuzira.

Kafukufukuyu akufotokoza zotsatira za mayeso atsopano a kachilombo ka corona (SARS-CoV-2) omwe amaletsa ma antibodies, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira ma antibodies a single-cell RNA ndi VDJ kuti adziwe ma antibodies 14 omwe amaletsa ma antibodies a monoclonal ochokera ku ma antibodies opitilira 8500 a IgG1 omwe ali ndi ma antibodies mwa odwala 60 omwe adachira a COVID-19.

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa koyamba kuti kusanthula kwa maselo amodzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji kuti apeze mankhwala ndipo kuli ndi ubwino wokhala njira yachangu komanso yothandiza, yomwe ikulonjeza kusintha momwe anthu amafufuzira ma antibodies ku mavairasi opatsirana.

Pa 17 June 2022, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao ndi anzake adasindikiza pepala lotchedwa: BA.2.12.1, BA.4 ndi BA.5 escape antibodies zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a Omicron mu magazini ya Nature.

Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti mitundu yatsopano ya Omicron mutant types BA.2.12.1, BA.4 ndi BA.5 inawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kutuluka kwa plasma mwa odwala omwe adachira omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Omicron BA.1.

Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti katemera wa Omicron wochokera ku BA.1 sangagwirenso ntchito ngati chowonjezera pa katemera wamakono ndipo ma antibodies omwe amabwera sapereka chitetezo champhamvu ku mtundu watsopano wa mutant. Kuphatikiza apo, chitetezo chamthupi kudzera mu matenda a Omicron n'chovuta kwambiri kupeza chifukwa cha 'immunogenic' ya ma coronavirus atsopano komanso kusintha mwachangu kwa malo osinthika a chitetezo chamthupi.

Pa 30 Okutobala 2022, gulu la Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao linafalitsa pepala lofufuzira lotchedwa: Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution in the preprint bioRxiv.

Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti ubwino wa XBB kuposa BQ.1 ukhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kunja kwa receptor binding domain (RBD) ya spinosin, kuti XBB ilinso ndi kusintha kwa majini m'magawo ena a genome omwe amalemba N-terminal structural domain (NTD) ya spinosin, ndipo XBB imatha kuthawa ma antibodies oletsa kupha NTD, zomwe zingalole kuti ipatsire anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha BQ.1 ndi mitundu ina yofanana nayo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kusintha kwa majini m'dera la NTD kumachitika mu BQ.1 mwachangu kwambiri. Kusintha kumeneku kumawonjezera kwambiri kuthekera kwa mitundu iyi kuthawa ma antibodies oletsa kupha omwe amapangidwa ndi katemera ndi matenda am'mbuyomu.

Dokotala Yunlong Cao anati pakhoza kukhala chitetezo ku XBB ngati kachilombo ka BQ.1 kakupezeka, koma kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti apereke umboni wa izi.

Kuwonjezera pa Yunlong Cao, anthu ena awiri adalembedwa pamndandandawu chifukwa cha zopereka zawo zabwino kwambiri pa nkhani zaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi, Lisa McCorkell ndi Dimie Ogoina.

Lisa McCorkell ndi wofufuza wa Long COVID ndipo monga membala woyambitsa bungwe la Patient-Led Research Collaborative, wathandiza kudziwitsa anthu za matendawa komanso kupeza ndalama zofufuzira matendawa.

Dimie Ogoina ndi dokotala wa matenda opatsirana ku Niger Delta University ku Nigeria ndipo ntchito yake yokhudza mliri wa monkeypox ku Nigeria yapereka chidziwitso chofunikira polimbana ndi mliri wa monkeypox.

Pa 10 Januwale 2022, Sukulu ya Zamankhwala ya University of Maryland idalengeza za kuikidwa kwa mtima wa nkhumba koyamba padziko lonse lapansi kochitidwa bwino kwambiri mwa munthu wamoyo, pomwe wodwala mtima wazaka 57, David Bennett, adalandira chithandizo cha mtima wa nkhumba chochitidwa bwino kuti apulumutse moyo wake.

Ngakhale kuti mtima wa nkhumba uwu wangowonjezera moyo wa David Bennett ndi miyezi iwiri yokha, wakhala wopambana kwambiri komanso wopambana kwambiri pankhani yokhudza kuikidwa kwa xenotransplantation. Muhammad Mohiuddin, dokotala wa opaleshoni yemwe adatsogolera gulu lomwe linamaliza kusamutsa mtima wa nkhumba wosinthidwa majini mwa anthu, mosakayikira adatchulidwa pamndandanda wa Anthu 10 Apamwamba a Chaka cha Nature.

Ena angapo adasankhidwa chifukwa chopititsa patsogolo zinthu zodabwitsa zasayansi komanso kupita patsogolo kwa mfundo zofunika, kuphatikizapo katswiri wa zakuthambo Jane Rigby wa ku Goddard Space Center ku NASA, yemwe adachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya Webb Space Telescope yolowetsa telesikopu mumlengalenga ndikugwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu azitha kufufuza chilengedwe chonse kukhala chapamwamba komanso chapamwamba. alondra Nelson, monga Mtsogoleri wa US Science and Technology Policy wa Ofesi ya Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo, adathandiza utsogoleri wa Purezidenti Biden kupanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko yake ya sayansi, kuphatikiza mfundo zokhudzana ndi umphumphu wa sayansi ndi malangizo atsopano okhudza sayansi yotseguka. Diana Greene Foster, wofufuza za kuchotsa mimba komanso wofufuza za chiwerengero cha anthu ku University of California, San Francisco, adapereka deta yofunika kwambiri pa zotsatira zomwe Khothi Lalikulu la US likuyembekezeka kuchita posintha chitetezo chalamulo cha ufulu wochotsa mimba.

Palinso mayina khumi apamwamba chaka chino omwe ali pamndandanda wa mayiko khumi omwe akugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha kusintha kwa nyengo ndi mavuto ena apadziko lonse lapansi. Mayinawa ndi awa: António Guterres, Mlembi Wamkulu wa United Nations, Saleemul Huq, Mtsogoleri wa International Centre for Climate Change and Development ku Dhaka, Bangladesh, ndi Svitlana Krakovska, Mtsogoleri wa nthumwi ya ku Ukraine ku UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).