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"Virulence ya Omicron ili pafupi ndi chimfine cha nyengo" ndipo "Omicron ndi yochepa kwambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kusiyana ndi Delta". …… Posachedwapa, nkhani zambiri za kuopsa kwa mtundu watsopano wa mutant Omicron zakhala zikufalikira pa intaneti.
Zowonadi, kuyambira pomwe mtundu wa Omicron mutant udayamba mu Novembala 2021 komanso kufalikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi, kafukufuku ndi zokambirana za virulence ndi kufalitsa zapitilirabe. Kodi mbiri ya Virulence ya Omicron ndi iti? Kodi kafukufukuyu akuti chiyani pankhaniyi?
Maphunziro osiyanasiyana a labotale: Omicron alibe ma virus
Ndipotu, kumayambiriro kwa Januwale 2022, kafukufuku wochokera ku yunivesite ya Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine anapeza kuti Omicron (B.1.1.529) akhoza kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda poyerekezera ndi zovuta zoyamba ndi zovuta zina.
Zinapezeka kuti mtundu wa Omicron mutant sunali wokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), pomwe TMPRSS2 imatha kuthandizira kuwukira kwa ma cell omwe akulandirako podula puloteni ya spike ya coronavirus yatsopano. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ofufuzawo adawona kuti kubwereza kwa Omicron kunachepetsedwa kwambiri m'maselo a anthu a Calu3 ndi Caco2.
gwero la zithunzi pa intaneti
Muchitsanzo cha mbewa cha k18-hACE2, kubwereza kwa Omicron kudachepetsedwa m'magawo am'mwamba ndi otsika a mbewa poyerekeza ndi zovuta zoyambira ndi Delta mutant, ndipo matenda ake am'mapapo anali ocheperako, pomwe matenda a Omicron adachepetsa kuwonda komanso kufa pang'ono kuposa kupsinjika koyambirira komanso kusintha kwa Alpha, Beta ndi Delta.
Chifukwa chake, ofufuzawo adatsimikiza kuti kubwereza kwa Omicron ndi pathogenicity kudachepetsedwa mu mbewa.
gwero la zithunzi pa intaneti
Pa 16 May 2022, Nature inafalitsa pepala lolemba Yoshihiro Kawaoka, katswiri wa virologist wochokera ku yunivesite ya Tokyo ndi yunivesite ya Wisconsin, kutsimikizira kwa nthawi yoyamba mu chitsanzo cha nyama kuti Omicron BA.2 ilidi yoopsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zovuta zoyambirira.
Ofufuzawa anasankha ma virus a BA.2 omwe ali olekanitsidwa ku Japan kuti awononge mbewa za k18-hACE2 ndi hamster ndipo adapeza kuti, atadwala ndi mlingo womwewo wa kachilombo ka HIV, mbewa zonse za BA.2 ndi BA.1 zinali ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri m'mapapu ndi mphuno kusiyana ndi matenda oyambirira a New Crown strain (p<0.0001).
Chotsatira chodziwika bwino cha golide ichi chimatsimikizira kuti Omicron alibe vuto lililonse kuposa mtundu wakale wakuthengo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mapapo ndi mphuno za zinyama zomwe zikutsatira matenda a BA.2 ndi BA.1.
gwero la zithunzi pa intaneti
Mayeso a PCR a viral load adawonetsa kuti mbewa zonse za BA.2 ndi BA.1 zinali ndi ma virus ochepa m'mapapo ndi mphuno kusiyana ndi mtundu woyamba wa New Crown, makamaka m'mapapo (p<0.0001).
Mofanana ndi zotsatira za mbewa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timapezeka m'mphuno ndi m'mapapo a BA.2 ndi BA.1 hamsters omwe ali ndi kachilomboka anali otsika kusiyana ndi kupsyinjika koyambirira pambuyo pa 'inoculation' ndi mlingo womwewo wa kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka m'mapapo, ndi kutsika pang'ono m'mphuno ya BA.2 yomwe ili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kuposa BA.1 - Ndipotu, theka la BA.2 silinayambe matenda a lung.
Zinapezekanso kuti mitundu yoyambirira, BA.2 ndi BA.1, idasowa kusalowerera ndale kwa sera pambuyo pa matenda - mogwirizana ndi zomwe zawonedwa mwa anthu enieni akakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
gwero la zithunzi pa intaneti
Zowona zenizeni: Omicron sangadwale kwambiri
Maphunziro angapo omwe ali pamwambawa afotokoza za kuchepa kwa virulence ya Omicron m'zitsanzo za nyama za labotale, koma kodi ndi zomwezi m'dziko lenileni?
Pa 7 June 2022, WHO inafalitsa lipoti lowunika kusiyana kwa kuopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo panthawi ya mliri wa Omicron (B.1.1.529) poyerekeza ndi mliri wa Delta.
Lipotilo linaphatikizapo odwala 16,749 atsopano ochokera kumadera onse a South Africa, kuphatikizapo 16,749 ochokera ku mliri wa Delta (2021/8/2 mpaka 2021/10/3) ndi 17,693 ochokera ku mliri wa Omicron (2021/11/15 mpaka 2022/2022/1). Odwalawo adatchulidwanso kuti ndi ovuta, ovuta komanso osaopsa.
zovuta: atalandira mpweya woipa, kapena mpweya ndi mpweya wotuluka kwambiri wa transnasal, kapena extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), kapena kuloledwa ku ICU panthawi yachipatala.
-cholimba (cholimba): adalandira mpweya panthawi yachipatala
-osakhala ovuta: ngati palibe zomwe zili pamwambazi zomwe zakwaniritsidwa, wodwalayo sali wovuta.
Deta inasonyeza kuti mu gulu la Delta, 49.2% inali yovuta, 7.7% inali yovuta ndipo 28% ya odwala onse omwe anali m'chipatala Delta anafa, pamene gulu la Omicron, 28.1% linali lalikulu, 3.7% linali lovuta ndipo 15% mwa odwala onse omwe anali m'chipatala Omicron anafa. Komanso, kutalika kwapakati pakukhalako kunali masiku 7 mu gulu la Delta poyerekeza ndi masiku a 6 mu gulu la Omicron.
Kuonjezera apo, lipotilo linasanthula zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zaka, jenda, katemera ndi zovuta zowonongeka ndipo zinatsimikizira kuti Omicron (B.1.1.529) adagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha matenda aakulu komanso ovuta (95% CI: 0.41 mpaka 0.46; p <0.001) ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha imfa ya 5% ku 9 . 0.65 p <0.001).
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Kwa ma subtypes osiyanasiyana a Omicron, maphunziro owonjezera adasanthulanso tsatanetsatane wawo.
Kafukufuku wamagulu ochokera ku New England adasanthula milandu ya 20770 ya Delta, milandu 52605 ya Omicron B.1.1.529 ndi 29840 ya Omicron BA.2, ndipo adapeza kuti chiwerengero cha imfa chinali 0.7% kwa Delta, 0.4% kwa B.1.1.529 kwa BA2. Pambuyo pokonza zinthu zosokoneza, kafukufukuyu adatsimikiza kuti chiopsezo cha imfa chinali chochepa kwambiri kwa BA.2 poyerekeza ndi Delta ndi B.1.1.529.
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Kafukufuku wina wochokera ku South Africa adayesa kuopsa kwa chipatala komanso chiopsezo cha zotsatira zoopsa za Delta, BA.1, BA.2 ndi BA.4 / BA.5. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti mwa odwala 98,710 omwe angodwala kumene omwe adaphatikizidwa pakuwunikaku, 3825 (3.9%) adagonekedwa m'chipatala, omwe 1276 (33.4%) adadwala kwambiri.
Pakati pa omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, 57.7% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Delta anayamba matenda aakulu (97/168), poyerekeza ndi 33.7% ya BA.1 odwala matenda (990/2940), 26.2% ya BA.2 (167/637) ndi 27.5% ya BA.4/BA.5 (27.5). Kusanthula kwamitundumitundu kunawonetsa kuti mwayi wokhala ndi matenda oopsa pakati pa omwe ali ndi kachilombo Delta> BA.1> BA.2, pomwe mwayi wokhala ndi matenda oopsa pakati pa omwe ali ndi kachilombo BA.4 / BA.5 sunali wosiyana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi BA.2.
Kuchepetsa virulence, koma tcheru chofunika
Kafukufuku wa labotale ndi deta yeniyeni yochokera kumayiko angapo awonetsa kuti Omicron ndi timagulu tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tambiri timene timayambitsa matenda oopsa kuposa zovuta zoyambira ndi mitundu ina yosasinthika.
Komabe, nkhani yowunikiranso mu Januwale 2022 ya The Lancet, yotchedwa 'Milder koma osati yofatsa', inanena kuti ngakhale matenda a Omicron amawerengera 21% ya anthu omwe amagonekedwa m'chipatala mwa achichepere aku South Africa, kuchuluka kwa miliri yomwe imayambitsa matenda oopsa ikuyenera kuchulukirachulukira mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso milingo yosiyanasiyana ya katemera. (Ngakhale zili choncho, mwa achinyamata ambiri a ku South Africa, 21% ya odwala omwe ali m'chipatala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 omicron anali ndi vuto lalikulu lachipatala, gawo lomwe limatha kuchulukirachulukira ndikuyambitsa chipwirikiti cha anthu okhala ndi anthu osiyanasiyana komanso kuchepa kwa chitetezo chochokera ku matenda kapena katemera.)
Kumapeto kwa lipoti la WHO lomwe tatchulalo, gululo linanena kuti ngakhale kuti kuchepetsedwa kwa virulence kwa zovuta zam'mbuyomu, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala Omicron (B.1.1.529) omwe anali m'chipatala adadwala matenda aakulu, komanso kuti kusintha kosinthika kwa korona kosiyanasiyana kunapitirizabe kuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri azidwala komanso kufa kwa okalamba, anthu osatetezedwa kapena osatetezedwa. (Tikufunanso kuchenjeza kuti kusanthula kwathu kusakhale kogwirizana ndi nkhani 'yofatsa'. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala Omicron omwe adagonekedwa m'chipatala adadwala kwambiri ndipo 15% adamwalira; ziwerengero zomwe sizochepa… kuthandizira kudwala komanso kufa kwakukulu.)
Zomwe zidachitika kale kuchokera ku Omicron pomwe zidayambitsa mliri wachisanu ku Hong Kong zidawonetsa kuti pofika pa Meyi 4, 2022, panali anthu 9115 omwe adamwalira pamilandu 1192765 yomwe yangokhazikitsidwa kumene panthawi yachisanu (chiwopsezo chakufa kwa 0.76%) komanso kuchuluka kwaimfa kwa anthu 2.70% azaka zopitilira 19. anali osa katemera).
Mosiyana ndi izi, 2% yokha ya New Zealanders azaka zopitilira 60 ndi omwe alibe katemera, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chiwopsezo chochepa cha kufa kwa 0.07% pa mliri watsopano wa korona.
Kumbali ina, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amatsutsa kuti chitopa chikhoza kukhala matenda a nyengo, osatha mtsogolo, pali akatswiri amaphunziro omwe amalingalira mosiyana.
Asayansi atatu ochokera ku yunivesite ya Oxford ndi European Union Joint Research Center amakhulupirira kuti kutsika kochepa kwa Omicron kungakhale mwangozi, ndipo kuti kupitiriza kusinthika kwa antigenic mofulumira (kusinthika kwa antigenic) kungabweretse mitundu yatsopano.
Mosiyana ndi kuthawa kwa chitetezo chamthupi ndi kupatsirana, komwe kumatengera kukakamizidwa kwachisinthiko kwamphamvu, nkhanza nthawi zambiri zimangochitika mwachisinthiko. Ma virus amasintha kuti achulukitse kuthekera kwawo kufalikira, ndipo izi zitha kupangitsa kuti ma virus achuluke. Mwachitsanzo, powonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma virus kuti athandizire kufalitsa, zitha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa.
Osati kokha, koma virulence idzabweretsanso kuvulaza kochepa kwambiri panthawi ya kufalikira kwa kachilomboka ngati zizindikiro zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi kachilomboka zimawonekera makamaka pambuyo pa matenda - monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mavairasi a fuluwenza, kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda a hepatitis C, kutchula ochepa, omwe ali ndi nthawi yochuluka yofalikira asanabweretse zotsatira zoopsa.
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Zikatero, zitha kukhala zovuta kuneneratu momwe kachilombo katsopano kamasinthira kuchokera ku ma virus otsika a Omicron, koma nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti katemera watsopano wa korona wawonetsa chiwopsezo chochepa cha matenda owopsa komanso imfa motsutsana ndi zovuta zonse, komanso kuchuluka kwa katemera wochulukirachulukira ikadali njira yofunikira yothanirana ndi mliriwu.
Kuyamika: Nkhaniyi idawunikiridwa mwaukadaulo ndi Panpan Zhou, PhD, Tsinghua University School of Medicine and Postdoctoral Fellow, Scripps Research Institute, USA
Omicron kudziyesa yekha antigen reagent kunyumba
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-08-2022
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