Kodi poizoni wa Omicron watsika bwanji? Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti

"Kuopsa kwa Omicron kuli pafupi ndi kwa chimfine cha nyengo" ndipo "Omicron siimayambitsa matenda ambiri kuposa Delta". …… Posachedwapa, nkhani zambiri zokhudza kuopsa kwa mtundu watsopano wa crown mutant wa Omicron zakhala zikufalikira pa intaneti.

Zoonadi, kuyambira pomwe mtundu wa Omicron mutant unayamba kuonekera mu Novembala 2021 komanso kufalikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi, kafukufuku ndi kukambirana za kufalikira kwa kachilomboka komanso kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kwapitirirabe. Kodi Omicron ili ndi kachilomboka kotani pakadali pano? Kodi kafukufukuyu akuti chiyani za kachilomboka?

Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wa labotale: Omicron siwowopsa kwenikweni
Ndipotu, kuyambira mu Januwale 2022, kafukufuku wochokera ku The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine adapeza kuti Omicron (B.1.1.529) ikhoza kukhala yopanda matenda ambiri poyerekeza ndi mtundu woyambirira ndi mitundu ina yosinthika.
Zinapezeka kuti mtundu wa Omicron mutant sunali wothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), pomwe TMPRSS2 ingathandize kuukira kwa mavairasi m'maselo a anthu pochotsa puloteni yatsopano ya coronavirus. Nthawi yomweyo, ofufuzawo adawona kuti kubwerezabwereza kwa Omicron kunachepa kwambiri m'maselo a anthu Calu3 ndi Caco2.

Intaneti yochokera ku zithunzi

Mu chitsanzo cha mbewa cha k18-hACE2, kubwerezabwereza kwa Omicron kunachepa m'magawo onse awiri a kupuma kwapamwamba ndi pansi poyerekeza ndi mtundu woyambirira ndi Delta mutant, ndipo matenda ake a m'mapapo sanali oopsa kwambiri, pomwe matenda a Omicron adayambitsa kuchepa thupi ndi imfa zochepa poyerekeza ndi mtundu woyambirira ndi Alpha, Beta ndi Delta mutants.
Chifukwa chake, ofufuzawo adatsimikiza kuti kuchulukitsa kwa Omicron ndi matenda ake kunachepa m'makoswe.

Intaneti yochokera ku zithunzi

Pa 16 Meyi 2022, Nature inafalitsa pepala lolembedwa ndi Yoshihiro Kawaoka, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa mavairasi ochokera ku University of Tokyo ndi University of Wisconsin, kutsimikizira koyamba mu chitsanzo cha nyama kuti Omicron BA.2 ndi yoopsa pang'ono kuposa mtundu woyamba wakale.

Ofufuzawo adasankha mavairasi amoyo a BA.2 omwe adapezeka ku Japan kuti afalitse mbewa za k18-hACE2 ndi hamsters ndipo adapeza kuti, atadwala ndi mlingo womwewo wa kachilomboka, mbewa zonse ziwiri zomwe zili ndi BA.2 ndi BA.1 zinali ndi ma virus ochepa kwambiri m'mapapo ndi m'mphuno kuposa matenda oyamba a New Crown strain (p<0.0001).

Zotsatira za muyezo wagolide uwu zikutsimikizira kuti Omicron ndi yoopsa pang'ono kuposa mtundu woyambirira wakuthengo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma virus m'mapapo ndi mphuno za nyama zomwe zapezeka pambuyo pa matenda a BA.2 ndi BA.1.

Intaneti yochokera ku zithunzi

Kuyesa kwa kuchuluka kwa mavairasi kwa PCR kunasonyeza kuti mbewa zonse zomwe zinali ndi BA.2 ndi BA.1 zinali ndi kuchuluka kwa mavairasi m'mapapo ndi m'mphuno poyerekeza ndi mtundu woyamba wa New Crown, makamaka m'mapapo (p<0.0001).

Mofanana ndi zotsatira za mbewa, ma virus titres omwe adapezeka m'mphuno ndi m'mapapo a hamsters omwe ali ndi BA.2 ndi BA.1 anali otsika kuposa mtundu woyambirira pambuyo pa 'kubaya' ndi mlingo womwewo wa kachilombo, makamaka m'mapapo, komanso otsika pang'ono m'mphuno mwa hamsters omwe ali ndi BA.2 kuposa BA.1 - kwenikweni, theka la hamsters omwe ali ndi BA.2 sanadwale matenda m'mapapo.

Zinapezekanso kuti mitundu yoyambirira, BA.2 ndi BA.1, inalibe kufalikira kwa matenda pambuyo pa matenda - mogwirizana ndi zomwe zawonedwa mwa anthu enieni akatenga kachilombo ka mitundu ina yatsopano ya korona.

Intaneti yochokera ku zithunzi

Zambiri zenizeni: Omicron ndi yocheperako kuyambitsa matenda oopsa

Kafukufuku angapo omwe ali pamwambapa afotokoza kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya Omicron m'zitsanzo za nyama za labotale, koma kodi ndi momwe zilili ndi dziko lenileni?

Pa 7 June 2022, WHO idasindikiza lipoti loyesa kusiyana kwa kuopsa kwa anthu omwe adatenga kachilomboka panthawi ya mliri wa Omicron (B.1.1.529) poyerekeza ndi mliri wa Delta.

Lipotilo linaphatikizapo odwala atsopano 16,749 omwe anagonekedwa m'mimba mwa mtima ochokera m'zigawo zonse za South Africa, kuphatikizapo 16,749 omwe anadwala matenda a Delta (2021/8/2 mpaka 2021/10/3) ndi 17,693 omwe anadwala matenda a Omicron (2021/11/15 mpaka 2022/2/16). Odwalawo adawerengedwanso kuti ndi odwala oopsa, oopsa komanso osaopsa.

Zovuta kwambiri: kulandira mpweya woipa, kapena mpweya woipa komanso mpweya woipa wa m'mphuno, kapena mpweya woipa wa m'mphuno (ECMO), kapena kulowetsedwa mu ICU pamene muli m'chipatala.
-woopsa (woopsa): adalandira mpweya panthawi yomwe anali kuchipatala
-osakhala oopsa: ngati palibe chilichonse mwa zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa chomwe chakwaniritsidwa, wodwalayo sali wodwala kwambiri.

Deta inasonyeza kuti m'gulu la Delta, 49.2% anali odwala kwambiri, 7.7% anali odwala kwambiri ndipo 28% ya odwala onse omwe anali ndi kachilombo ka Delta m'chipatala anamwalira, pomwe m'gulu la Omicron, 28.1% anali odwala kwambiri, 3.7% anali odwala kwambiri ndipo 15% ya odwala onse omwe anali ndi kachilombo ka Omicron m'chipatala anamwalira. Komanso, nthawi yapakati yokhala m'gulu la Delta inali masiku 7 poyerekeza ndi masiku 6 m'gulu la Omicron.

Kuphatikiza apo, lipotilo linasanthula zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zaka, jenda, momwe munthu alili ndi katemera komanso matenda ena ndipo linapeza kuti Omicron (B.1.1.529) imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mwayi wochepa wa matenda oopsa komanso oopsa (95% CI: 0.41 mpaka 0.46; p<0.001) komanso chiopsezo chotsika cha imfa m'chipatala (95% CI: 0.59 mpaka 0.65; p<0.001).

Intaneti yochokera ku zithunzi

Pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Omicron, maphunziro ena asanthulanso kuopsa kwawo mwatsatanetsatane.

Kafukufuku wa gulu la anthu ochokera ku New England adafufuza milandu 20770 ya Delta, milandu 52605 ya Omicron B.1.1.529 ndi milandu 29840 ya Omicron BA.2, ndipo adapeza kuti chiwerengero cha imfa chinali 0.7% ya Delta, 0.4% ya B.1.1.529 ndi 0.3% ya BA.2. Atasintha zinthu zomwe zimasokoneza, kafukufukuyu adatsimikiza kuti chiopsezo cha imfa chinali chochepa kwambiri cha BA.2 poyerekeza ndi Delta ndi B.1.1.529.

Intaneti yochokera ku zithunzi

Kafukufuku wina wochokera ku South Africa adawunika chiopsezo chogonekedwa m'chipatala komanso chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo zoyipa za Delta, BA.1, BA.2 ndi BA.4/BA.5. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mwa odwala 98,710 omwe adapezeka ndi matendawa, 3825 (3.9%) adagonekedwa kuchipatala, ndipo 1276 (33.4%) adadwala matenda oopsa.

Pakati pa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka masinthidwe osiyanasiyana, 57.7% ya odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Delta adadwala matenda oopsa (97/168), poyerekeza ndi 33.7% ya odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka BA.1 (990/2940), 26.2% ya odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka BA.2 (167/637) ndi 27.5% ya BA.4/BA.5 (22/80). Kusanthula kwa Multivariate kunawonetsa kuti mwayi wokhala ndi matenda oopsa pakati pa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Delta > BA.1 > BA.2, pomwe mwayi wokhala ndi matenda oopsa pakati pa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka BA.4/BA.5 sunali wosiyana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi BA.2.
Kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda, koma kusamala kumafunika

Kafukufuku wa m'ma laboratories ndi deta yeniyeni yochokera m'maiko angapo yasonyeza kuti Omicron ndi mitundu yake ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizimayambitsa matenda oopsa kuposa mtundu woyambirira ndi mitundu ina yosinthika.

Komabe, nkhani yowunikira mu magazini ya The Lancet ya Januwale 2022, yotchedwa 'Wofatsa koma osati wofatsa', inanena kuti ngakhale kuti matenda a Omicron anali 21% ya anthu omwe amalowa m'chipatala mwa achinyamata aku South Africa, chiwerengero cha matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda oopsa chinali chotheka kuwonjezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso milingo yosiyanasiyana ya katemera. (Komabe, mwa achinyamata aku South Africa awa, 21% ya odwala omwe ali m'chipatala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 omicron anali ndi matenda oopsa, chiwerengero chomwe chingawonjezereke ndikuyambitsa zotsatirapo zazikulu panthawi ya kufalikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu komanso milingo yochepa ya chitetezo chamthupi chochokera ku matenda kapena chochokera ku katemera.)

Kumapeto kwa lipoti la WHO lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa, gululo linanena kuti ngakhale kuti matenda a mtundu wakale anali ochepa, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala a Omicron (B.1.1.529) omwe anali m'chipatala adadwala matenda oopsa, ndipo kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yatsopano ya korona idapitiliza kubweretsa matenda ndi imfa zambiri mwa okalamba, omwe chitetezo chawo chamthupi sichinayende bwino kapena omwe sanalandire katemera. (Tikufunanso kuchenjeza kuti kusanthula kwathu sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati kochirikiza nkhani yosiyana 'yofatsa'. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala a Omicron omwe anali m'chipatala adadwala matenda oopsa ndipo 15% adamwalira; ziwerengero zomwe sizili zochepa… Pakati pa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, mwachitsanzo odwala okalamba kwambiri, m'magulu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake, mwa odwala ofooka komanso pakati pa omwe sanalandire katemera, COVID-19 (ma VOC onse) ikupitilizabe kubweretsa matenda ndi imfa zambiri.)

Deta yakale yochokera ku Omicron pamene idayambitsa mliri wachisanu ku Hong Kong idawonetsa kuti pofika pa 4 Meyi 2022, panali anthu 9115 omwe anamwalira mwa anthu 1192765 omwe adapezeka ndi matendawa panthawi ya mliri wachisanu (chiwerengero cha imfa zosafunikira cha 0.76%) ndi chiŵerengero cha imfa zosafunikira cha 2.70% kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 60 (pafupifupi 19.30% ya gululi anali asanalandire katemera).

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, 2% yokha ya anthu aku New Zealand azaka zopitirira 60 ndi omwe sanalandire katemera, zomwe zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha imfa zosakhwima cha 0.07% chifukwa cha mliri watsopano wa korona.

Kumbali ina, ngakhale nthawi zambiri anthu amanena kuti Newcastle ikhoza kukhala matenda omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri mtsogolo, pali akatswiri a zamaphunziro omwe ali ndi lingaliro losiyana.

Asayansi atatu ochokera ku University of Oxford ndi European Union Joint Research Centre amakhulupirira kuti kuchepa kwa Omicron kungakhale kungochitika mwangozi, ndipo kupitirizabe kusintha kwa antigen (antigenic evolution) kungabweretse mitundu yatsopano.

Mosiyana ndi chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimatha kufalikira komanso kufalikira kwa kachilomboka, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yosinthika, kachilomboka nthawi zambiri kamakhala 'kochokera' kusinthika. Mavairasi amasanduka kuti athe kufalikira kwambiri, ndipo izi zingayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka. Mwachitsanzo, powonjezera kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka kuti kafalikire mosavuta, kangayambitse matenda oopsa kwambiri.

Sikuti kokha, komanso kufala kwa kachilomboka kungayambitse mavuto ochepa kwambiri panthawi yofalikira kwa kachilomboka ngati zizindikiro zomwe kachilomboka kamayambitsa zikaonekera kwambiri pambuyo pake - monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mavairasi a chimfine, kachilombo ka HIV ndi hepatitis C, kungotchula ochepa, omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yofalikira asanayambe kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoopsa.

Intaneti yochokera ku zithunzi

Muzochitika zotere, zingakhale zovuta kuneneratu momwe mtundu watsopano wa korona udzakhalire kuchokera ku mphamvu yochepa ya Omicron, koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti katemera watsopano wa korona wasonyeza kuti chiopsezo cha matenda aakulu ndi imfa chichepa motsutsana ndi mitundu yonse ya mitundu yosinthika, ndipo kuchulukitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa katemera wa anthu kumakhalabe njira yofunika kwambiri yolimbana ndi mliriwu panthawiyi.
Kuyamikira: Nkhaniyi idawunikidwanso mwaukadaulo ndi Panpan Zhou, PhD, Tsinghua University School of Medicine ndi Postdoctoral Fellow, Scripps Research Institute, USA
Omicron yodziyesera yokha antigen reagent kunyumba