Onaninso mogwirizana ndi mawotchi ozungulira pofufuza

Mafuta ozungulira, omwe amatchedwanso makina a PCR, zida zofunikira mu biology za biology ndi kafukufuku wa genetics. Zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa DNA ndi RNA kudzera muukadaulo wa polymease (PCR). Komabe, wosinthasintha mawotchi ozungulira samangokhala ndi mapulogalamu a PCR. Munkhaniyi, tiona njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe majerces odzikon amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza komanso kufunika kwawo kulimbikitsa zidziwitso zasayansi.

1. PCR Kukwezeka

Ntchito yoyamba ya aThermal cyclerndikuyenera kutengera kwa PCR, komwe ndikofunikira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Potsatira ma DNA kapena RNA mwachitsanzo pamasamba angapo kutentha, otenthetsera otentha amalimbikitsa kutsutsana, ndikuwonjezera kwa zingwe zanyukiliya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti explune ikhale yotsatizana. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kusanthula kwa majini, mafangwe aku geness, komanso kudziwika ndi othandizira opatsirana.

2. Kuchulukitsa PCR (QPCR)

Kuphatikiza pa PCR, matekisoni owombera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochulukitsa PCR kapena qpcr, kulola kuchuluka kwa zomwe acid acid acids mu chitsanzo. Pophatikizira utoto wa fluorescents kapena maofesi oterera amatha kuyeza zopanga za PCR munthawi yeniyeni, kupereka ma invoight to sotures mu genis, katundu wa viral, ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa ma geria.

3..

Mafuta ozungulira amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri posintha malembawo a PCR, njira yomwe imasinthira RNA kukhala yolumikizira kwa DNA (CDNA) pazotsatsa. Njirayi ndiyofunikira pophunzira majini, RNA ma virus, ndi mayi othamanga. Kuzungulira kwamafuta ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuyesa kwa RT-PCR.

4. Digital PCR

Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wazomwezi kumabweretsa chitukuko cha digito pcr, njira yokhazikika kwambiri yowerengera ma acid a nuclec. Pogangiza PCR zomwe zimachitika anthu masauzande ambiri, owombera mateleta amatha kudziwa molondola kwa molekyulu oyambira, kupanga digito pcr chida chofunikira kwambiri chowonekera ndi kusanthula kwa zikwangwani.

5. Kukonzekera kwa zotsatizana zotsatizana

Mafuta ozungulira ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa njira yokonzekera laibulale ya osindikizira (ngs) ntchito. Pochita ma pcr-pofika powonjezera zidutswa za DNA, matebulo otenda amathandizira kumanga malaibulale kuchokera ku zinthu zochepa kuchokera kudera koyambira, kulola ofufuza kuti apendesule genomer yonse, yosinthira, kapena epigenome.

6.

Kuphatikiza pa ecleic acid thenlimation, ozungulira otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapuloteni opaleshoni ndi ma supneissis. Mapulogalamu a Mutagenesis amawongolera, mapuloteni a mapuloteni okwanira, ndipo amayesa zoyeserera nthawi zambiri zimadalira njira zosinthira za PCR, zoterera molunjika ndi njira zozizira ndizosavuta kupeza zotsatira zosinthika.

7. Kuyesa kwachilengedwe ndi chakudya

Mafuta ozungulira amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuyesa kwa chilengedwe komanso chakudya, makamaka kupezeka kwa tizilombo toogen, zopangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mayeso a PCR-oyendetsa matenthedwe ozungulira amathandizira kuzindikiritsa mwachangu komanso mwatsatanetsatane zowonongeka komanso mtundu wa chakudya ndi zachilengedwe.

Powombetsa mkota,Mafuta ozungulirandi zida zosafunikira mu biology zazofufuza ndi kafukufuku wa genetics, kupereka mapulogalamu ambiri opitilira muyeso a PCR. Kusintha kwawo komanso kusinthasintha kwawo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika poyeserera kuyambira mitundu yowunikira mitundu kuwunikira zachilengedwe. Monga ukadaulo ukupitilirabe, owombera mateleta ayenera kuti azichita mbali yofunika kwambiri poyendetsa ophunzira asayansi ndi zomwe mwatsopano.