Zotsatira za mafunde amagetsi pa ma virus a pathogenic ndi njira zofananira: kuwunika mu Journal of Virology.

Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akhala vuto lalikulu la thanzi la anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Ma virus amatha kupatsira zamoyo zonse zam'manja ndikupangitsa kuvulala ndi kuwonongeka kosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimadzetsa matenda ngakhale imfa. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ma virus oyambitsa matenda monga kwambiri pachimake kupuma matenda coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pakufunika mwachangu kupanga njira zothandiza komanso zotetezeka zoletsera ma virus oyambitsa matenda. Njira zachikhalidwe zoletsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizothandiza koma zili ndi malire. Ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu yolowera kwambiri, kumveka kwakuthupi komanso kusaipitsa, mafunde amagetsi asanduka njira yothanirana ndi ma virus a pathogenic ndipo akukopa chidwi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule zofalitsa zaposachedwa kwambiri za momwe mafunde a electromagnetic amakhudzira ma virus oyambitsa matenda ndi njira zawo, komanso chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic pakuletsa ma virus oyambitsa matenda, komanso malingaliro ndi njira zatsopano zopangira izi.
Ma virus ambiri amafalikira mwachangu, amapitilirabe kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhala owopsa kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyambitsa miliri yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuwopsa kwa thanzi. Kupewa, kuzindikira, kuyezetsa, kuthetsa ndi kuchiza ndi njira zazikulu zoletsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka. Kuchotsa mwachangu komanso moyenera ma virus oyambitsa matenda kumaphatikizapo prophylactic, chitetezo, ndi kuchotsa magwero. Kuyambitsa ma virus a pathogenic ndi chiwonongeko cha thupi kuti achepetse kufalikira kwawo, mphamvu ya pathogenicity ndi kubereka ndi njira yabwino yowachotsera. Njira zachikhalidwe, kuphatikiza kutentha kwambiri, mankhwala ndi cheza cha ionizing, zimatha kuyambitsa ma virus oyambitsa matenda. Komabe, njirazi zili ndi malire. Chifukwa chake, pakufunikabe mwachangu kukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zopewera ma virus oyambitsa matenda.
Kutulutsa kwa mafunde a electromagnetic kuli ndi ubwino wa mphamvu zolowera kwambiri, kutentha kwachangu komanso kofanana, kumveka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kutulutsidwa kwa plasma, ndipo kukuyembekezeka kukhala njira yothandiza yolepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda [1,2,3]. Kuthekera kwa mafunde a electromagnetic kuletsa ma virus a pathogenic kunawonetsedwa m'zaka zapitazi [4]. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic pakuyambitsa ma virus a pathogenic kwakopa chidwi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zotsatira za mafunde a electromagnetic pa ma virus a pathogenic ndi njira zawo, zomwe zitha kukhala chitsogozo chothandiza pakufufuza koyambira komanso kogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Makhalidwe a morphological a ma virus amatha kuwonetsa ntchito monga kukhala ndi moyo komanso kusakhudzidwa. Zasonyezedwa kuti mafunde a electromagnetic, makamaka ma ultra high frequency (UHF) ndi Ultra high frequency (EHF) electromagnetic mafunde, amatha kusokoneza morphology ya ma virus.
Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana ofufuza monga kuyesa kwa disinfection, kinetic modeling (amadzimadzi), komanso mawonekedwe achilengedwe a mamolekyu a virus [5, 6]. Wu adapeza kuti ma microwave pa 2450 MHz ndi 700 W adayambitsa kuphatikizika ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa MS2 phage zam'madzi pambuyo pa mphindi imodzi yakuwazira mwachindunji [1]. Pambuyo pofufuza mowonjezereka, kupuma kwapakati pa MS2 phage kunawonedwanso [7]. Kaczmarczyk [8] adawonetsa kuyimitsidwa kwa zitsanzo za coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) ku mafunde a millimeter okhala ndi ma frequency a 95 GHz ndi kachulukidwe wamagetsi a 70 mpaka 100 W/cm2 kwa 0.1 s. Mabowo akuluakulu amapezeka mu chipolopolo chozungulira cha kachilomboka, chomwe chimatsogolera kutayika kwa zomwe zili mkati mwake. Kuwonetsedwa ndi mafunde a electromagnetic kumatha kuwononga ma virus. Komabe, kusintha kwa morphological katundu, monga mawonekedwe, m'mimba mwake ndi kusalala pamwamba, pambuyo kukhudzana ndi HIV ndi maginito maginito poizoniyu sakudziwika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusanthula ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mawonekedwe a morphological ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimatha kupereka zizindikiro zofunikira komanso zosavuta zowunika kusakhazikika kwa kachilomboka [1].
Kapangidwe ka ma virus nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi nucleic acid yamkati (RNA kapena DNA) ndi capsid yakunja. Ma nucleic acid amazindikira momwe ma genetic ndi kufananizira ma virus. Capsid ndi gawo lakunja la ma subunits opangidwa nthawi zonse, scaffolding ndi antigenic chigawo cha ma virus particles, komanso amateteza ma nucleic acid. Ma virus ambiri amakhala ndi envelopu yopangidwa ndi lipids ndi glycoproteins. Kuphatikiza apo, mapuloteni a envulopu amatsimikizira zomwe zimalandirira ndipo amakhala ngati ma antigen akuluakulu omwe chitetezo cha mthupi cha wolandirayo chimatha kuzindikira. Mapangidwe athunthu amatsimikizira kukhulupirika ndi kukhazikika kwa chibadwa cha kachilomboka.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mafunde a electromagnetic, makamaka mafunde amagetsi a UHF, amatha kuwononga RNA ya ma virus omwe amayambitsa matenda. Wu [1] adawulula mwachindunji chilengedwe chamadzi a kachilombo ka MS2 ku ma microwave 2450 MHz kwa mphindi 2 ndikusanthula jini yosunga mapuloteni A, mapuloteni a capsid, mapuloteni ofananira, ndi mapuloteni ophatikizika ndi gel electrophoresis ndikusinthiratu polymerase chain reaction. RT-PCR). Majini amenewa ankawonongedwa pang’onopang’ono ndi kukachulukira kwa mphamvu kowonjezereka ndipo anazimiririka ngakhale pakachulukidwe kwambiri mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu a protein A jini (934 bp) adachepa kwambiri atakumana ndi mafunde a electromagnetic okhala ndi mphamvu ya 119 ndi 385 W ndipo adazimiririka pomwe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumawonjezeka mpaka 700 W. Deta iyi ikuwonetsa kuti mafunde amagetsi amatha, kutengera mlingo, kuwononga dongosolo nucleic zidulo mavairasi.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti mphamvu ya mafunde a electromagnetic pa mapuloteni a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachokera makamaka chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo kwa oyimira pakati komanso momwe amachitira popanga mapuloteni chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nucleic acids [1, 3, 8, 9]. Komabe, zotsatira za athermic zimathanso kusintha polarity kapena kapangidwe ka mapuloteni a virus [1, 10, 11]. Zotsatira zachindunji za mafunde amagetsi pamapuloteni ofunikira / osakhazikika monga mapuloteni a capsid, mapuloteni a envelopu kapena mapuloteni a spike a ma virus a pathogenic amafunabe kuphunziranso. Zanenedwa posachedwa kuti mphindi za 2 za ma radiation a electromagnetic pa pafupipafupi 2.45 GHz ndi mphamvu ya 700 W zitha kuyanjana ndi tizigawo tambiri ta mapuloteni opangira ma protein popanga malo otentha komanso minda yamagetsi yowongoka kudzera muzotsatira za electromagnetic [12].
Envelopu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwake kupatsira kapena kuyambitsa matenda. Kafukufuku wambiri wanena kuti UHF ndi mafunde amagetsi a microwave amatha kuwononga zipolopolo zama virus omwe amayambitsa matenda. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mabowo apadera amatha kuzindikirika muvulopu ya virus ya coronavirus 229E pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwachiwiri kwa 95 GHz millimeter wave pa mphamvu ya 70 mpaka 100 W/cm2 [8]. Zotsatira za kusuntha kwamphamvu kwa mafunde a electromagnetic kumatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika kokwanira kuwononga kapangidwe kake ka virus. Kwa ma virus ophimbidwa, pambuyo pakuphulika kwa envelopu, kusakhazikika kapena zochitika zina zimachepa kapena kutayika kwathunthu [13, 14]. Yang [13] adawulula kachilombo ka fuluwenza ya H3N2 (H3N2) ndi kachilombo ka H1N1 (H1N1) ku ma microwave pa 8.35 GHz, 320 W/m² ndi 7 GHz, 308 W/m², motsatana, kwa mphindi 15. Poyerekeza ma RNA ma virus a pathogenic omwe amawonetsedwa ndi mafunde a electromagnetic ndi mtundu wogawika wowumitsidwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasungunuka mu nayitrogeni wamadzi kwa mizere ingapo, RT-PCR idachitika. Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti zizindikiro za RNA zamitundu iwirizi ndizofanana kwambiri. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wa kachilomboka amasokonekera ndipo mawonekedwe a envelopu amawonongeka atakumana ndi ma radiation a microwave.
Ntchito ya kachilomboka imatha kudziwika ndi kuthekera kwake kupatsira, kubwereza ndi kulemba. Kuwonongeka kwa ma virus kapena zochitika nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa poyesa ma virus pogwiritsa ntchito zoyeserera za plaque, tissue culture median infective dose (TCID50), kapena luciferase reporter gene zochita. Koma itha kuyesedwanso mwachindunji podzipatula kachilomboka kapena kusanthula ma virus antigen, kuchuluka kwa tinthu ta virus, kupulumuka kwa ma virus, ndi zina zambiri.
Zanenedwa kuti mafunde amagetsi a UHF, SHF ndi EHF amatha kuletsa ma aerosol kapena ma virus oyenda m'madzi mwachindunji. Wu [1] poyera MS2 bacteriophage aerosol opangidwa ndi labotale nebulizer kwa mafunde amagetsi ndi ma frequency a 2450 MHz ndi mphamvu ya 700 W kwa mphindi 1.7, pomwe kupulumuka kwa MS2 bacteriophage kunali 8.66% yokha. Mofanana ndi MS2 viral aerosol, 91.3% ya MS2 yamadzimadzi idatsekedwa mkati mwa mphindi 1.5 pambuyo pokhudzana ndi mlingo womwewo wa mafunde a electromagnetic. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa ma radiation a electromagnetic kuletsa kachilombo ka MS2 kunali kogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu komanso nthawi yowonekera. Komabe, mphamvu yolepheretsa ikafika pamtengo wake wokwanira, kutsekereza sikungawongoleredwe mwa kuwonjezera nthawi yowonekera kapena kukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, kachilombo ka MS2 kamakhala ndi kupulumuka kochepa kwa 2.65% mpaka 4.37% pambuyo pa 2450 MHz ndi 700 W mafunde amagetsi, ndipo palibe kusintha kwakukulu komwe kunapezeka ndi nthawi yowonjezereka. Siddharta [3] anayatsa kuyimitsidwa kwa cell culture yokhala ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis C (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) ndi mafunde a electromagnetic pa pafupipafupi 2450 MHz ndi mphamvu ya 360 W. Iwo adapeza kuti ma virus titers adatsika kwambiri. pambuyo pa mphindi 3 zowonekera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ma radiation a electromagnetic wave amathandizira motsutsana ndi HCV ndi HIV-1 infectivity ndipo imathandizira kupewa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka ngakhale. zikawululidwa pamodzi. Pamene irradiating HCV cell chikhalidwe ndi HIV-1 suspensions ndi otsika mphamvu maginito mafunde mafunde ndi pafupipafupi 2450 MHz, 90 W kapena 180 W, palibe kusintha HIV titer, mtima ndi luciferase mtolankhani ntchito, ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa tizilombo infectivity. adawonedwa. pa 600 ndi 800 W kwa mphindi 1, infectivity ya mavairasi onse sanachepe kwambiri, amene amakhulupirira kuti zokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya maginito cheza yoweyula ndi nthawi ya kukhudzana kwambiri kutentha.
Kaczmarczyk [8] adawonetsa koyamba kupha kwa mafunde amagetsi a EHF polimbana ndi ma virus obwera ndi madzi mu 2021. Adawonetsa zitsanzo za coronavirus 229E kapena poliovirus (PV) ku mafunde amagetsi pafupipafupi 95 GHz ndi kachulukidwe mphamvu ya 70 mpaka 100 W/cm2. kwa 2 masekondi. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ma virus awiri a pathogenic kunali 99.98% ndi 99.375%, motsatana. zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mafunde amagetsi a EHF ali ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo pantchito yoletsa ma virus.
Kugwira ntchito kwa UHF kuyambitsa ma virus kudawunikidwanso m'ma media osiyanasiyana monga mkaka wa m'mawere ndi zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mnyumba. Ofufuzawo adavumbulutsa masks a anesthesia omwe ali ndi adenovirus (ADV), poliovirus mtundu 1 (PV-1), herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) ndi rhinovirus (RHV) ku radiation yamagetsi pafupipafupi 2450 MHz ndi mphamvu ya 720 Watts. Adanenanso kuti kuyezetsa kwa ma antigen a ADV ndi PV-1 kudakhala kolakwika, ndipo ma HV-1, PIV-3, ndi ma RHV titers adatsika mpaka ziro, kuwonetsa kutha kwa ma virus onse pambuyo pa mphindi 4 [15, 16]. Elhafi [17] mwachindunji poyera swabs omwe ali ndi avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), ndi avian influenza virus (AIV) ku 2450 MHz, 900 W microwave oven. kutaya matenda. Mwa iwo, APV ndi IBV zidapezekanso m'zikhalidwe za ziwalo za tracheal zomwe zidatengedwa kuchokera ku miluza ya anapiye a m'badwo wa 5. Ngakhale kachilomboka sikakanatha kudzipatula, viral nucleic acid idapezekabe ndi RT-PCR. Ben-Shoshan [18] adawonetsa mwachindunji 2450 MHz, 750 W mafunde a electromagnetic mpaka 15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) zitsanzo za mkaka wa m'mawere wabwino kwa masekondi 30. Kuzindikira kwa antigen ndi Shell-Vial kunawonetsa kusakhazikika kwathunthu kwa CMV. Komabe, pa 500 W, zitsanzo ziwiri mwa 15 sizinakwaniritsidwe kwathunthu, zomwe zimasonyeza mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kusatsegula bwino ndi mphamvu ya mafunde a electromagnetic.
Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti Yang [13] adaneneratu ma frequency a resonant pakati pa mafunde a electromagnetic ndi ma virus kutengera mitundu yokhazikitsidwa. Kuyimitsidwa kwa ma virus a H3N2 okhala ndi kachulukidwe a 7.5 × 1014 m-3, opangidwa ndi ma cell a impso a Madin Darby (MDCK), omwe amakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mafunde amagetsi pafupipafupi 8 GHz ndi mphamvu ya 820. W/m² kwa mphindi 15. Mlingo wa inactivation wa H3N2 HIV kufika 100%. Komabe, pamlingo wongoyerekeza wa 82 W/m2, 38% yokha ya kachilombo ka H3N2 idatsekedwa, kutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya EM-mediated virus inactivation imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Kutengera kafukufukuyu, Barbora [14] adawerengera ma frequency a resonant (8.5-20 GHz) pakati pa mafunde a electromagnetic ndi SARS-CoV-2 ndipo adatsimikiza kuti 7.5 × 1014 m-3 ya SARS-CoV-2 yowonetsedwa ndi mafunde a electromagnetic A wave ndi pafupipafupi 10-17 GHz ndi kachulukidwe mphamvu 14.5 ± 1 W/m2 pafupifupi 15 Mphindi zipangitsa kuti 100% atsekedwe. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Wang [19] adawonetsa kuti ma frequency a SARS-CoV-2 ndi 4 ndi 7.5 GHz, kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa ma frequency a resonant osadalira titer ya virus.
Pomaliza, titha kunena kuti mafunde amagetsi amatha kukhudza ma aerosols ndi kuyimitsidwa, komanso momwe ma virus amagwirira ntchito pamtunda. Zinapezeka kuti mphamvu ya inctivation imagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma frequency ndi mphamvu ya mafunde a electromagnetic ndi sing'anga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa kachilomboka. Kuphatikiza apo, ma frequency a electromagnetic potengera kumveka kwakuthupi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuyambitsa ma virus [2, 13]. Mpaka pano, zotsatira za mafunde a electromagnetic pa ntchito ya ma virus a pathogenic makamaka zimayang'ana kwambiri pakusintha kusakhudzidwa. Chifukwa cha makina ovuta, maphunziro angapo afotokoza momwe mafunde amagetsi amakhudzira kubwereza ndi kusindikiza kwa ma virus a pathogenic.
Njira zomwe mafunde amagetsi amalepheretsa ma virus ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa kachilomboka, pafupipafupi komanso mphamvu ya mafunde amagetsi, komanso kukula kwa kachilomboka, koma amakhalabe osadziwika. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wayang'ana kwambiri njira zosinthira mphamvu zotenthetsera, kutentha, ndi kapangidwe kake.
Kutentha kumamveka ngati kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kothamanga kwambiri, kugundana ndi kukangana kwa mamolekyu a polar m'matumbo mothandizidwa ndi mafunde a electromagnetic. Chifukwa cha izi, mafunde a electromagnetic amatha kukweza kutentha kwa kachilomboka pamtunda wa kulolerana kwakuthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa kachilomboka. Komabe, ma virus ali ndi mamolekyu ochepa a polar, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kutenthedwa kwachindunji pa ma virus ndizosowa [1]. M'malo mwake, pali mamolekyu ambiri a polar mkatikati ndi chilengedwe, monga mamolekyu amadzi, omwe amayenda motsatira malo amagetsi osinthasintha omwe amasangalatsidwa ndi mafunde a electromagnetic, amatulutsa kutentha kupyolera mu mikangano. Kutenthako kumasamutsidwa ku kachilomboka kuti awonjezere kutentha kwake. Pamene kulolerana kwadutsa, ma nucleic acid ndi mapuloteni amawonongedwa, zomwe pamapeto pake zimachepetsa kufalikira komanso kulepheretsa kachilomboka.
Magulu angapo anena kuti mafunde amagetsi amatha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa ma virus kudzera pakutentha kwamafuta [1, 3, 8]. Kaczmarczyk [8] adavumbulutsa kuyimitsidwa kwa coronavirus 229E ku mafunde amagetsi pafupipafupi 95 GHz ndi kachulukidwe ka mphamvu ya 70 mpaka 100 W/cm² kwa 0.2-0.7 s. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kutentha kwa 100 ° C panthawiyi kunathandizira kuwononga ma morphology a virus ndikuchepetsa ntchito ya virus. Kutentha kumeneku kumatha kufotokozedwa ndi machitidwe a mafunde a electromagnetic pa mamolekyu amadzi ozungulira. Siddharta [3] yoyatsa kuyimitsidwa kwa ma cell a HCV okhala ndi ma genotypes osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a ndi GT7a, yokhala ndi mafunde amagetsi pafupipafupi 2450 MHz ndi mphamvu ya 90 W, 3600 W ndi 1600 W. W, 600 W ndi 800 Tue With Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa sing'anga yama cell kuchokera ku 26 ° C mpaka 92 ° C, ma radiation a electromagnetic amachepetsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kapena kulepheretsa kachilomboka. Koma HCV inadziwika ndi mafunde amagetsi kwa nthawi yochepa pa mphamvu yochepa (90 kapena 180 W, 3 mphindi) kapena mphamvu yapamwamba (600 kapena 800 W, mphindi imodzi), pamene panalibe kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu ma virus sanawone kufalikira kapena ntchito.
Zotsatira zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwa mafunde a electromagnetic ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti kutentha kwa ma radiation a electromagnetic kumapangitsa ma virus a pathogenic mogwira mtima kuposa UV-C komanso kutentha wamba [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Kuphatikiza pa kutentha, mafunde a electromagnetic amathanso kusintha ma polarity a mamolekyu monga mapuloteni ang'onoang'ono ndi ma nucleic acid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamolekyu azitha kuzungulira ndi kunjenjemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu kapena imfa [10]. Amakhulupirira kuti kusinthasintha kwachangu kwa mafunde a electromagnetic kumapangitsa kuti mapuloteni azikhala ndi mapuloteni, omwe amatsogolera kupotokola komanso kupindika kwa kapangidwe ka mapuloteni ndipo, pamapeto pake, kusinthika kwa mapuloteni [11].
Kusatentha kwa mafunde a electromagnetic pakuyambitsa ma virus kumakhalabe kotsutsana, koma kafukufuku wambiri wawonetsa zotsatira zabwino [1, 25]. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mafunde a electromagnetic amatha kulowa mwachindunji muvulopu ya kachilombo ka MS2 ndikuwononga nucleic acid ya kachilomboka. Kuphatikiza apo, ma aerosols a virus a MS2 amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mafunde amagetsi kuposa amadzimadzi a MS2. Chifukwa cha mamolekyu ochepa a polar, monga mamolekyu amadzi, m'malo ozungulira ma virus a MS2, zotsatira za athermic zitha kutenga gawo lalikulu pakuyambitsa kachilombo ka electromagnetic wave-mediated virus [1].
Chochitika cha resonance chimatanthawuza chizolowezi cha thupi kuti chitenge mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku chilengedwe chake pamayendedwe ake achilengedwe ndi kutalika kwake. Resonance imapezeka m'malo ambiri m'chilengedwe. Zimadziwika kuti ma virus amalumikizana ndi ma microwave pafupipafupi momwemo mumachitidwe ochepera acoustic dipole, chodabwitsa cha resonance [2, 13, 26]. Njira zolumikizirana pakati pa mafunde a electromagnetic ndi ma virus zikukopa chidwi kwambiri. Zotsatira za efficient structural resonance energy transfer (SRET) kuchokera ku electromagnetic mafunde kupita ku shut acoustic oscillations (CAV) mu ma virus zingayambitse kusweka kwa nembanemba ya viral chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwapakatikati pa capsid. Kuonjezera apo, mphamvu yonse ya SRET ikugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe, kumene kukula ndi pH ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadziwa mafupipafupi a resonant ndi kuyamwa kwa mphamvu, motero [2, 13, 19].
Mphamvu ya mafunde amagetsi amagetsi imathandizira kuti ma virus atsekeke, omwe amazunguliridwa ndi nembanemba ya bilayer yomwe ili m'mapuloteni a virus. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti kutsekedwa kwa H3N2 ndi mafunde a electromagnetic ndi ma frequency a 6 GHz komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa 486 W/m² kudachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusweka kwa chipolopolocho chifukwa cha kumveka kwa resonance [13]. Kutentha kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa H3N2 kunawonjezeka ndi 7 ° C kokha pambuyo pa mphindi 15 zowonekera, komabe, chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa kachilombo ka H3N2 mwa kutenthetsa kutentha, kutentha pamwamba pa 55 ° C kumafunika [9]. Zochitika zofananira zawonedwa ndi ma virus monga SARS-CoV-2 ndi H3N1 [13, 14]. Kuphatikiza apo, kusagwira ntchito kwa ma virus ndi mafunde amagetsi sikumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ma virus a RNA genomes [1,13,14]. Choncho, kutsegula kwa kachilombo ka H3N2 kunalimbikitsidwa ndi kumveka kwa thupi m'malo mwa kutentha kwa thupi [13].
Poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa mafunde a electromagnetic, kuyambitsa kwa ma virus ndi kumveka kwakuthupi kumafuna magawo otsika a mlingo, omwe ali pansi pamiyezo yachitetezo cha microwave yokhazikitsidwa ndi Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [2, 13]. The resonant pafupipafupi ndi mphamvu mlingo zimadalira thupi zimatha kachilombo, monga tinthu kukula ndi elasticity, ndi mavairasi mkati resonant pafupipafupi akhoza mogwira akulimbana inactivation. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malowedwe, kusakhalapo kwa ma radiation ya ionizing, komanso chitetezo chabwino, kutsekeka kwa ma virus komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa CPET kukulonjeza kuchiza matenda owopsa a anthu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ma virus oyambitsa matenda [14, 26].
Kutengera kukhazikitsa kwa ma virus mu gawo lamadzimadzi komanso pama media osiyanasiyana, mafunde amagetsi amatha kuthana ndi ma aerosols a viral [1, 26], komwe ndikopambana ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kufalikira kwa ma virus. kachiromboka komanso kupewa kufala kwa kachiromboka pakati pa anthu. mliri. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezedwa kwa mawonekedwe a mafunde a electromagnetic ndikofunikira kwambiri pankhaniyi. Malingana ngati ma resonant frequency amtundu wina wa virion ndi mafunde a electromagnetic amadziwika, ma virus onse omwe ali mumtundu wa resonant pafupipafupi wa bala amatha kulunjika, omwe sangathe kukwaniritsidwa ndi njira zachikhalidwe zoyambitsa ma virus [13,14,26]. Electromagnetic inactivation ya ma virus ndi kafukufuku wodalirika wokhala ndi kafukufuku wamkulu komanso kufunikira kogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuthekera.
Poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wakupha ma virus, mafunde amagetsi ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, ogwira mtima, oteteza zachilengedwe akamapha ma virus chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera [2, 13]. Komabe, pali mavuto ambiri. Choyamba, chidziwitso chamakono chimangokhala ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi, ndipo njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pakutulutsa mafunde amagetsi sikunawululidwe [10, 27]. Mafunde a Microwave, kuphatikiza mafunde a millimeter, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophunzira za kusakhazikika kwa ma virus ndi njira zake, komabe, kafukufuku wamafunde amagetsi pama frequency ena, makamaka pa ma frequency a 100 kHz mpaka 300 MHz komanso kuchokera ku 300 GHz mpaka 10 THz, sananenedwe. Kachiwiri, njira yophera ma virus a pathogenic pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic sanafotokozedwe, ndipo ma virus ozungulira okha ndi owoneka ngati ndodo adaphunziridwa [2]. Kuphatikiza apo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tilibe ma cell, timasintha mosavuta, ndipo timafalikira mwachangu, zomwe zimatha kuteteza ma virus. Tekinoloje yamagetsi yamagetsi ikufunikabe kukonzedwa kuti ithetse vuto la ma virus oyambitsa matenda. Pomaliza, kuyamwa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zowunikira ndi mamolekyu a polar mkatikati, monga mamolekyu amadzi, kumabweretsa kutayika kwa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya SRET imatha kukhudzidwa ndi njira zingapo zosadziwika bwino zama virus [28]. Mphamvu ya SRET imathanso kusintha kachilomboka kuti kagwirizane ndi malo ake, zomwe zimapangitsa kukana mafunde amagetsi [29].
M'tsogolomu, ukadaulo woletsa ma virus pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic uyenera kukonzedwanso. Kafukufuku wofunikira wasayansi uyenera kukhala wofuna kufotokozera momwe ma virus amagwirira ntchito ndi mafunde amagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, makina ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya ma virus akamakumana ndi mafunde amagetsi, njira yatsatanetsatane yosatenthetsera yomwe imapha ma virus a pathogenic, komanso momwe mphamvu ya SRET pakati pa mafunde amagetsi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma virus iyenera kufotokozedwa mwadongosolo. Kafukufuku wogwiritsidwa ntchito akuyenera kuyang'ana momwe angapewere kuyamwa kwambiri kwa mphamvu ya radiation ndi mamolekyu a polar, kuphunzira momwe mafunde amagetsi amayendera ma frequency osiyanasiyana pa ma virus osiyanasiyana oyambitsa matenda, ndikuphunzira zomwe sizimatenthedwa ndi mafunde a electromagnetic pakuwononga ma virus a pathogenic.
Mafunde a electromagnetic akhala njira yodalirika yochepetsera ma virus a pathogenic. Ukadaulo wamagetsi wamagetsi uli ndi zabwino zake pakuyipitsidwa kochepa, kutsika mtengo, komanso kuyambitsa bwino kwa kachilombo ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komwe kumatha kuthana ndi zoletsa zaukadaulo wotsutsa ma virus. Komabe, kafukufuku wowonjezera akufunika kuti adziwe magawo aukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi ndikufotokozera momwe ma virus amagwirira ntchito.
Mlingo wina wa ma radiation a electromagnetic wave ukhoza kuwononga kapangidwe ndi ntchito za ma virus ambiri oyambitsa matenda. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ma virus kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, komanso nthawi yowonekera. Kuonjezera apo, njira zomwe zingatheke zimaphatikizapo kutentha, kutentha, ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka zowonongeka kwa mphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi matekinoloje amtundu wa antiviral, kuyambitsa kwa ma virus kumapangidwa ndi ma electromagnetic wave kuli ndi ubwino wosavuta, kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kutsika kochepa. Chifukwa chake, kuyambitsa kachilombo ka electromagnetic wave-mediated virus kwakhala njira yodalirika yoletsa ma virus pakugwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo.
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