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Agalu ena amamwa mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda popanda vuto lililonse, pomwe ena amadwalakusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimbaMungapatse galu wanu mankhwala ochepetsa ululu malinga ndi kulemera kwake, koma sagwira ntchito kapena sasiya chiweto chanu chofooka. — Izi mwina zikugwirizana ndiJini losagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri (MDR1)m'thupi la galu.
"Woyang'anira wosaoneka" uyu wa kagayidwe ka mankhwala ndiye chinsinsi cha chitetezo cha mankhwala kwa ziweto, ndipoKuyesa kwa MDR1 gene nucleic acidndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri yotsegulira code iyi.
NO. 1
Chinsinsi cha Chitetezo cha Mankhwala: Jini la MDR1
Kuti timvetse kufunika kwa jini ya MDR1, choyamba tiyenera kudziwa "ntchito yake yayikulu" - kugwira ntchito ngati woyendetsa kagayidwe ka mankhwala. Jini ya MDR1 imatsogolera kupanga chinthu chotchedwa P-glycoprotein, chomwe chimagawidwa makamaka pamwamba pa maselo m'matumbo, chiwindi, ndi impso. Imagwira ntchito ngati malo operekera mankhwala:
Galu akamwa mankhwala, P-glycoprotein imatulutsa mankhwala ochulukirapo m'maselo ndikuwatulutsa kudzera m'ndowe kapena mkodzo, zomwe zimaletsa kusonkhanitsa zinthu zoopsa m'thupi. Zimatetezanso ziwalo zofunika monga ubongo ndi mafupa poletsa kulowa kwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka.
Komabe, ngati jini ya MDR1 isintha, "wogwira ntchito yonyamula katundu" uyu amayamba kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino. Akhoza kukhala otanganidwa kwambiri, kutulutsa mankhwala mwachangu kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuti magazi asakwane mokwanira, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya mankhwala. Kapena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la ntchito, kulephera kuchotsa mankhwalawo pa nthawi yake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo azisonkhana ndikuyamba kuyambitsa zotsatirapo zina monga kusanza kapena kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi impso.Ichi ndichifukwa chake agalu amatha kuyankha mosiyana kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwewo.
Zokhudza kwambiriNdikuti matenda a MDR1 amachita ngati "mabomba obisika" obisika - nthawi zambiri sapezeka mpaka mankhwala atayambitsa chiopsezo. Mwachitsanzo, agalu ena amabadwa ndi majini a MDR1 olakwika, ndipo mlingo wokhazikika wa mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga ivermectin) ungayambitse ataxia kapena chikomokere akaperekedwa ali aang'ono. Agalu ena omwe ali ndi ntchito ya MDR1 yochulukirapo amatha kupeza mpumulo wochepa wa ululu kuchokera ku opioids ngakhale atapatsidwa mlingo wofanana ndi kulemera. Mavutowa sachitika chifukwa cha "mankhwala oipa" kapena "agalu osagwirizana," koma chifukwa cha majini.
Mu ntchito zachipatala, ziweto zambiri zimavutika ndi vuto la impso kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha pambuyo poti zamwa mankhwala osayesedwa kale ndi MDR1 - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwetozo ziwononge ndalama zambiri komanso kuvutika kosafunikira.
Nambala 2
Kuyesa Majini Kuti Mupewe Kuopsa kwa Mankhwala
Kuyesa kwa nucleic acid ya jini ya MDR1 ya agalu ndi chinsinsi chomvetsetsa "mkhalidwe wa ntchito" ya chonyamulira ichi pasadakhale. Mosiyana ndi kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi - komwe kumafuna kutengedwa magazi mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pa mankhwala - njira iyi imasanthula mwachindunji jini ya MDR1 ya galu kuti idziwe ngati pali kusintha kwa majini ndi mitundu yake.
Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta komanso yofanana ndi mayeso a majini a malignant hyperthermia, omwe ali ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu:
1. Zitsanzo Zosonkhanitsira:
Popeza jini ya MDR1 ilipo m'maselo onse, magazi ochepa okha kapena swab ya pakamwa ndiyo imafunika.
2. Kuchotsa DNA:
Laboratory imagwiritsa ntchito ma reagents apadera kuti ichotse DNA ya galu kuchokera ku chitsanzocho, kuchotsa mapuloteni ndi zonyansa zina kuti ipeze template yoyera ya majini.
3. Kukulitsa ndi Kusanthula kwa PCR:
Pogwiritsa ntchito ma probe apadera omwe adapangidwira malo ofunikira a kusintha kwa MDR1 (monga kusintha kwa galu wamba nt230[del4]), PCR imakulitsa chidutswa cha jini chomwe chikufunidwa. Kenako chipangizocho chimazindikira zizindikiro za fluorescent kuchokera ku probe kuti chidziwe momwe kusintha kwa ma genes kulili komanso momwe zimakhudzira ntchito yake.
Ntchito yonseyi imatenga pafupifupi maola 1-3. Zotsatira zake zimapereka malangizo achindunji kwa madokotala a ziweto, zomwe zimathandiza kusankha mankhwala otetezeka komanso olondola kuposa kudalira kuyesa ndi kulakwitsa.
NO. 3
Kusiyana kwa Majini Obadwa Nawo, Chitetezo cha Mankhwala Omwe Amapezedwa
Eni ziweto angadzifunse kuti: Kodi matenda a MDR1 ndi obadwa nawo kapena amapezeka?
Pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu, ndipo majini ndiye chinthu chachikulu:
Makhalidwe a majini a mtundu wina
Ichi ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa maselo kumasiyana kwambiri pa mitundu yonse ya agalu:
- Collies(kuphatikizapo agalu a nkhosa a Shetland ndi a Border Collies) ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa nt230[del4] - pafupifupi 70% ya agalu a mtundu weniweni a Collies ali ndi vuto limeneli.
- Abusa a ku AustraliandiAgalu Akale a Ng'ombe a ku Englandamasonyezanso mitengo yokwera.
- Mitundu ngatiChihuahuandiMa Poodleali ndi kusintha kochepa kwa maselo.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale galuyo sanamwepo mankhwala, mitundu ya agalu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ikhoza kukhalabe ndi kusintha kwa majini.
Mankhwala ndi Mphamvu Zachilengedwe
Ngakhale kuti jini ya MDR1 ndi yobadwa nayo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kwambiri kungayambitse "kufalikira" kwa majini osadziwika bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zina kwa nthawi yayitalimaantibayotiki(monga tetracyclines) kapenamankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupiZingayambitse MDR1 kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zingafanane ndi kukana mankhwala ngakhale popanda kusintha kwenikweni.
Mankhwala ena oteteza chilengedwe (monga zowonjezera mu zinthu zogulitsa ziweto zotsika mtengo) angakhudzenso kukhazikika kwa majini mwanjira ina.
Jini ya MDR1 imakhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, kuphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, maantibayotiki, mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndi mankhwala oletsa khunyu. Mwachitsanzo:
Collie yomwe ili ndi vutoli imatha kudwala matenda amitsempha ngakhale pang'ono chifukwa cha ivermectin.
Agalu omwe ali ndi MDR1 yogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso angafunike kusintha mlingo wa mankhwala ophera bowa pa matenda a pakhungu kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake madokotala a ziweto amagogomezera kwambiri kuyezetsa MDR1 asanapereke mankhwala kwa mitundu yoopsa kwambiri.
Kwa eni ziweto, kuyezetsa kwa MDR1 nucleic acid kumapereka chitetezo chachiwiri kuti mankhwala akhale otetezeka:
Kuyesa mitundu ya ziweto zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu msanga (monga Collies) kumasonyeza kuti mankhwala oletsa kumwa kwa moyo wonse ndi kupewa poizoni mwangozi.
Agalu omwe amafunika mankhwala a nthawi yayitali (monga ululu wosatha kapena khunyu) akhoza kusinthidwa mlingo wake moyenera.
Kuyesa kupulumutsa kapena agalu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kumachotsa kusatsimikizika kokhudza zoopsa za majini.
Ndiwofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa agalu okalamba kapena omwe ali ndi matenda osatha, omwe nthawi zambiri amafunikira mankhwala.
NO. 4
Kudziwa Pasadakhale Kumatanthauza Chitetezo Chabwino
Kutengera zotsatira za mayeso, nazi malangizo atatu oteteza thanzi la mankhwala:
Mitundu ya ziweto zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu iyenera kuika patsogolo kuyesa.
Mitundu ya Collies, Australian Shepherds, ndi mitundu ina yofanana nayo iyenera kumaliza mayeso a MDR1 isanakwane miyezi itatu ndikusunga zotsatira zake kwa veterinarian wawo.
Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu wa ziweto za "kugwirizana kwa majini" musanapereke mankhwala.
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa mankhwala oopsa monga mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mankhwala ochepetsa ululu. Ngakhale mtundu wa galu wanu ulibe chiopsezo chachikulu, mbiri ya zotsatirapo zoyipa imatanthauza kuti kuyezetsa majini kuyenera kuganiziridwa.
Pewani kudzipatsa mankhwala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Mankhwala osiyanasiyana angapikisane ndi njira zoyendera za P-glycoprotein. Ngakhale majini abwinobwino a MDR1 amatha kugonjetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalinganika kwa kagayidwe kachakudya komanso chiopsezo cha poizoni.
Kuopsa kwa kusintha kwa MDR1 kuli m'kusawoneka bwino kwawo - kobisika mkati mwa majini, osawonetsa zizindikiro mpaka mankhwala atayambitsa vuto mwadzidzidzi.
Kuyesa kwa MDR1 nucleic acid kumagwira ntchito ngati chowunikira bwino za mabomba otayidwa pansi, kutithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino momwe galu amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala pasadakhale. Mwa kuphunzira momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amakhalira ndi mankhwala, kuyezetsa koyambirira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosamala, titha kuonetsetsa kuti ziweto zathu zikafuna chithandizo, zimalandira thandizo lothandiza komanso kupewa zoopsa za mankhwala - kuteteza thanzi lawo m'njira yoyenera kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-20-2025
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